Introduction
As the world shifts towards sustainable economies, integrating youth into this transition is crucial. By 2030, the implementation of green and blue policy measures has the potential to create an additional 8.4 million jobs for young individuals globally, and around 437,000 in the Middle East. The transition towards a green and blue economy presents opportunities for the engagement of youth, whose energy and innovative capabilities are essential in shaping a better future of work and achieving a more sustainable planet (ILO, 4). Moreover, green policies (such as improving energy efficiency, decarbonizing power generation, and expanding electric vehicles), digital measures, and care investments are anticipated to create 139 million jobs globally by 2030, with youth aged 15 to 29 gaining about a quarter of these positions. These changes will boost the services sector, which will account for over 70 percent of the job gains for young people (ILO, 5). The ILO notes the significance of green economies for youth employment in the Middle East and emphasizes the need for education and skills policies to align with the economy’s requirements, including incorporating green skills and skills for green jobs.
To seize these opportunities and tackle the challenges, we could focus on three themes: harnessing the ways we Learn; harmonizing the ways we Act; and honouring the ways we Belong. These are key to empowering youth and ensuring their active role in the green economy by fostering skills, promoting inclusivity and social dialogue, and driving entrepreneurship, leading to social justice and decent work.
Learn: equipping youth with skills for green jobs
The rapid shift towards a green economy necessitates a workforce adept at navigating new technologies and sustainable practices. Skills development and lifelong learning policies can support a just transition to environmentally sustainable economies and societies. There is a need for major investments in reskilling to realize the full potential of green jobs.
For instance, investments in green sectors such as renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable farming have demonstrated significant job creation potential. In 2019, the renewable energy sector alone employed over 11 million people globally, indicating a growing demand for green jobs. Moreover, countries that have adopted comprehensive green policies, such as Germany and China, have seen substantial growth in their green job markets, showcasing the benefits of prioritizing sustainable practices.
For example, Germany’s Energiewende initiative has led to the creation of approximately 340,000 green jobs, while China’s investments in renewable energy have resulted in over 3.8 million jobs. These examples underscore the importance of integrating green skills into education and training programs to prepare the workforce for the future. By aligning educational curricula with industry needs and fostering collaboration between governments and educational institutions, youth can be equipped with the necessary skills to thrive in a green economy.
Current observations highlight the necessity of digital literacy, technical proficiency, and adaptability to prepare today’s youth for future global challenges effectively. Governments and educational institutions should collaborate to integrate skills for green jobs and green skills into curricula for a smoother school-to-work transition (ILO, 17). Tools like ILO’s greening technical vocation education and training (TVET) and skills development, highlight the effective upskilling of youth, particularly in roles supporting environmental sustainability. For instance, as shown below, greening the informal economy, especially with formal skills development (including informal apprenticeships), can lead to better social outcomes and less harmful environmental activities.
Developing skills for green jobs in the informal economy
Source: Greening technical vocation education and training (TVET) and skills development
Belong: ensuring inclusive participation
By 2030, the Green Jobs for Youth Pact aims to:
- Create 1 million new green jobs for youth, with a special focus on young women
- Accelerate the greening of 1 million existing jobs
- Support 10,000 young entrepreneurs to establish and/or grow sustainable green businesses
Youth participation initiatives, such as the Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth, demonstrate the potential of engaging young leaders in shaping sustainable employment policies. By fostering a sense of belonging, these initiatives empower youth to contribute meaningfully to their communities and the global green transition. Also, international efforts on advancing meaningful youth participation and engagement in forced displacement contexts allows youth to become aware of their rights at work.
Act: driving youth entrepreneurship and innovation
Youth entrepreneurship is a catalyst for innovation in the green economy. Young entrepreneurs still face significant barriers, including high startup costs, regulatory challenges, and limited access to financing. Addressing these barriers is critical to unleashing the potential of youth-led enterprises in driving sustainable growth.
Partnerships with financial institutions are crucial for enhancing youth employment. The Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth seeks innovative financing and collaborations to create decent jobs, including scalable solutions and approaches to youth employment through private companies and public-private partnerships.
Programs like ILO’s South Asia Leadership in Entrepreneurship (SALE) initiative exemplify how targeted support can enhance entrepreneurial capabilities and leadership skills. By providing training, mentorship, and financial resources, these programs enable young innovators to develop sustainable business models that address environmental challenges.
Conclusion
The transition to a green economy involves both challenges and opportunities for youth. Focusing on learning, belonging, and acting can contribute to a meaningful present and future for youth. Learning enhances human capability development and provides youth with relevant skills for green jobs and green skills. Belonging fosters inclusive participation by incorporating youth voices in decision-making and strengthening community and environmental connections. Acting promotes youth entrepreneurship by addressing obstacles and offering resources, encouraging changemakers to work collaboratively. These themes collectively enable youth to contribute to a sustainable and inclusive green economy.
The ILO has established a framework to support its constituents (governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations) as they make strides towards environmentally sustainable economies in a fair and inclusive manner provide a comprehensive framework to ensure that this transition is just, inclusive, and supportive of young people’s needs (ILO, 7 and 11). Governments, social partners, policymakers, educators, and private sector stakeholders can collaborate with today’s youth to foster a future for and with young people, where youth are not only prepared for but also actively shaping a sustainable and equitable world, promoting social justice and decent work.
In conclusion, equipping youth with skills for green jobs, ensuring inclusive participation, youth engagement, and driving youth entrepreneurship are crucial steps towards a just transition for youth into the green economy. As we look towards 2025 and beyond, these efforts will play a pivotal role in building a resilient, innovative, and inclusive green economy.
Sources (ILO):
- A just transition for people living with HIV in the world of work
- A Just Transition With and For Youth (forthcoming)
- Decent Work in Nature-Based Solutions 2024: Unlocking jobs through investment in skills and nature-based infrastructure
- Gender equality, labour and a just transition for all
- Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022: Investing in transforming futures for young people
- Global Employment Trends for Youth 2024
- Green Employment Diagnostics for Just Transitions
- Green works to support a just transition
- Greening macroeconomic policies: Current trends and policy options
- Greening TVET and skills development – A practical guidance tool
- Guidelines for a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all
- How MSMEs can contribute to and benefit from a just transition
- Human mobility and labour migration related to climate change in a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all
- Indigenous Peoples and a Just Transition for All
- “Nothing about us without us” – Realizing disability rights through a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies
- Occupational safety and health in a just transition
- From school to work – An analysis of youth labour market transitions
- Sectoral Policies for a Just Transition towards Environmentally Sustainable Economies and Societies for All
- Skills Development for a Just Transition
- Skills for Green Jobs: A Global View | International Labour Organization Social protection for a just transition
- Social protection for a just transition
- The role of active labour market policies for a just transition
- The Role of Social Dialogue and Tripartism in a Just Transition towards Environmentally Sustainable Economies and Societies for All
- The social, economic and employment impacts of decarbonization and green industrial growth scenarios for the Middle East and North Africa region
Disclaimer:
This report has been prepared by The International Labor Organization. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, policies, or positions of the Human Capability Development Program (HCDP), the host of Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference.